Programming Bitcoin Cash (BCH) with the NBitcoin .NET library and C#

The NBitcoin library is the most active and well supported library in .NET for working with Bitcoin and other similar cryptocurrencies.

NBitcoin fully supports Bitcoin Cash (BCH), however the ebook and programming guide examples focus solely on Bitcoin Core (BTC).

The problem you encounter when following the NBitcoin guide is firstly that the QBitNinja API only supports Bitcoin Core and secondly that broadcasting the transaction seems to require either running a full local node or using the QBitNinja API.

In this tutorial I'll show you how to spend your Bitcoin Cash using the NBitcoin library running under dotnet core, without the need for running a full local node or for accessing the QBitNinja API.

The program you write here will create a new transaction, sign it with your private key, and broadcast it to the Bitcoin Cash network.

Dotnet core is the preferred programming environment for NBitcoin. Dotnet core is open source and runs under the Linux, MacOSX and Windows operating systems.

Bitcoin Cash is the ideal cryptocurrency for experimenting with programming APIs and libraries - you can send small transactions for very low fees, typically for a fraction of one US cent.


Step 1: Project Setup

Follow the setup guide as normal:
https://programmingblockchain.gitbook.io/programmingblockchain/introduction/project_setup

The rest of these steps 2-12 below loosely follow the "Spend Your Coin" guide:
https://programmingblockchain.gitbook.io/programmingblockchain/bitcoin_transfer/spend_your_coin

Its not absolutely required, but for a more complete and in depth understanding, I would recommend you read through the "Spend Your Coin" guide above (with the knowledge that it applies to Bitcoin Core) before proceeding with the rest of the below steps.


Step 2: Add support for Bitcoin Cash

On the command line:

dotnet add package NBitcoin.Altcoins

The code - add these using statements to the top of the C# source file.

using NBitcoin;
using NBitcoin.Altcoins;
using NBitcoin.Protocol;

And at the beginning of the program, add this:

// Important Note - this is not test code.
// It is going to run in production (called the "mainnet").
var network = NBitcoin.Altcoins.BCash.Instance.Mainnet;


Step 3: (Optional) Generate a new private key and address

The below code snippet generates a new BCH private key and BCH address using the NBitcoin library.
  
// Generate a random private key.
Key rawPrivateKey = new Key();

// The private key, also known as the Bitcoin secret or the WIF (Wallet Interchange Format).
// If you intend to use it, make sure you save the below somewhere safe!
BitcoinSecret privateKey = rawPrivateKey.GetBitcoinSecret(network);
Console.WriteLine("privateKey = " + privateKey);
Console.WriteLine("address (from privateKey) = " + privateKey.GetAddress(ScriptPubKeyType.Legacy));

Alternatively you can generate a new private key and address using BCH wallet software.


Step 4: Setup the variables for your private keys and addresses

To spend your Bitcoin Cash, you'll need to know the private keys of both the "destination" BCH address and the "from" BCH address.
The "from" BCH address is also known as the input address or the outpoint to spend.

Here's the code to setup the address and private keys of both the "destination" address and the "from" address.

// Destination - private key and address. The destination of the new transaction we are creating.
// Note: its not strictly necessary for creating the transaction to have the private key of the destination,
// but its better to add it here so that you know that you have access to it, and that the money won't be 'lost'.
var privateKey = new BitcoinSecret("PASTE_YOUR_DESTINATION_ADDRESS_PRIVATE_KEY_HERE", network);
Console.WriteLine("dest privateKey = " + privateKey);
var address = privateKey.GetAddress(ScriptPubKeyType.Legacy);
Console.WriteLine("dest address = " + address);
Console.WriteLine("dest address scriptPubKey= " + address.ScriptPubKey);

// Input Transaction - private key and address. The from address.
var inPrivateKey = new BitcoinSecret("PASTE_YOUR_FROM_ADDRESS_PRIVATE_KEY_HERE", network);
var inAddress = inPrivateKey.GetAddress(ScriptPubKeyType.Legacy);
Console.WriteLine("inPrivateKey = " + inPrivateKey);
Console.WriteLine("inAddress = " + inAddress);
Console.WriteLine("inAddress scriptPubKey= " + inAddress.ScriptPubKey);

You can run the program now to make sure its working - on the command line:

dotnet run


Step 5: Determine the Transaction ID of the "from" address

Now you need to determine the transaction ID and index number of your "from" address by looking at the transaction in a blockchain explorer and plugging in the correct TxId and index number below.

// Determine the previous output that will be spent, as the Input to our new transaction.
// For example:
// https://explorer.bitcoin.com/bch/tx/292f70e71f8bc2e94b7c0ac46c4e89371dc59b821639de67376f6f0b09544d92
string txInIdString = "292f70e71f8bc2e94b7c0ac46c4e89371dc59b821639de67376f6f0b09544d92";
uint txOutIndex = 0; // <== Ensure this index is correct!
OutPoint outPointToSpend = OutPoint.Parse(txInIdString + ":" + txOutIndex);


Step 6: Create the new transaction

var transaction = Transaction.Create(network);
transaction.Inputs.Add(new TxIn()
{
    PrevOut = outPointToSpend
});


Step 7: Setup the amount to spend and the miner fee

// Suggested miner fee for this transaction, as of February 2020,
// is 0.000003 BCH or around USD 0.001 (a tenth of a cent).
// Check recent blocks for guidance.
var minerFee = new Money(0.000003m, MoneyUnit.BTC);  

// Replace below with your amount.
// It is the total unspent amount of the "from" address.
var txInAmount = new Money(0.0021m, MoneyUnit.BTC);

// Move to the destination address.
var spendAmount = txInAmount - minerFee;
transaction.Outputs.Add(spendAmount, address.ScriptPubKey);


Step 8: Add a message to the transaction, using the OP_RETURN template (max 80 characters)

var message = "Test 1: using the NBitcoin library to move Bitcoin Cash. BCH Rocks!";
var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
transaction.Outputs.Add(Money.Zero, TxNullDataTemplate.Instance.GenerateScriptPubKey(bytes));


Step 9: Sign the transaction

// Get the ScriptPubKey from the private key of the outPointToSpend.
transaction.Inputs[0].ScriptSig = inAddress.ScriptPubKey;

// Sign the transaction with the input private key.
var txInId = uint256.Parse(txInIdString);
var inCoin = new Coin(txInId, txOutIndex, txInAmount, inAddress.ScriptPubKey);
transaction.Sign(inPrivateKey, inCoin);


Step 10: Determine the TxId of your transaction, which is just its hash

Console.WriteLine("New TxId: " + transaction.GetHash());

Now is a good time to run the code and check its all working. From the command line:

dotnet run


Step 11: Broadcast your transaction to the Bitcoin Cash network

This is the final step and should only be attempted if your program runs fine up to step 10.

Before you run it, confirm your amount to spend is correct.

//
// Connect to a BCH node and broadcast the transaction.
// See here for the DNS Seed list:
// https://github.com/Bitcoin-ABC/bitcoin-abc/blob/master/src/chainparams.cpp
//
using (var node = Node.Connect(network, "seed.bchd.cash:8333"))
{
    // Say hello to the node.
    node.VersionHandshake();

    // Advertise your transaction (send just the hash).
    node.SendMessage(new InvPayload(InventoryType.MSG_TX, transaction.GetHash()));

    // Send the contents of the transaction.
    node.SendMessage(new TxPayload(transaction));

    // Wait for the message to be sent.
    Thread.Sleep(5000);
}

Run your program the command line:

dotnet run


Step 12: That's it, well done for making it to the end!!

If everything went well, your new transaction was accepted by the Bitcoin Cash network, and it will show up in a block explorer such as this one:

https://explorer.bitcoin.com/bch/tx/3ecf0f0dafd26e8d788b59a433bf00e1c3c079e82dada5111e899c87a75dadff

Replace the above TxId with yours from step 10.

Your new transaction will be listed initially as having 0 confirmations, which means its in the mempool.

Now you just need to wait for your transaction to be confirmed. This will happen as soon as the next block is mined and your transaction gets added to that block by the winning miner.

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